OpenWRT 目录结构、创建维护feeds、创建package及其编译安装

谷谷小师妹

OpenWRT目录结构，然后创建feeds，并创建package。

编译package，并安装到target进行测试。

1 OpenWRT目录结构

├── bin--编译完成后ipk和image文件存放在此。
│   ├── packages--存放base/luci/packages/routing/telephony等编译出来的ipk包。
│   └── targets--目标镜像文件。
├── BSDmakefile
├── build_dir--下载的软件包解压到此，然后进行编译。
│   ├── hostpkg--编译在host环境中使用的工具。
│   ├── target-aarch64_cortex-a53_musl--编译在target环境中使用的工具。
│   └── toolchain-aarch64_cortex-a53_gcc-11.2.0_musl--交叉工具链的编译。
├── config--menuconfig配置文件。
│   ├── check-uname.sh
│   ├── Config-build.in
│   ├── Config-devel.in
│   ├── Config-images.in
│   └── Config-kernel.in
├── Config.in--配置文件的总入口。
├── COPYING
├── dl--下载的软件包存放在此目录。
│   ├── attr-2.5.1.tar.gz
...
│   └── zstd-1.5.5.tar.gz
├── feeds--根据feeds.conf.default生成的OpenWRT的package来源地。
│   ├── luci
│   ├── luci.index -> luci.tmp/.packageinfo
│   ├── luci.targetindex -> luci.tmp/.targetinfo
│   ├── luci.tmp
│   ├── packages
│   ├── packages.index -> packages.tmp/.packageinfo
│   ├── packages.targetindex -> packages.tmp/.targetinfo
│   ├── packages.tmp
│   ├── routing
│   ├── routing.index -> routing.tmp/.packageinfo
│   ├── routing.targetindex -> routing.tmp/.targetinfo
│   ├── routing.tmp
│   ├── telephony
│   ├── telephony.index -> telephony.tmp/.packageinfo
│   ├── telephony.targetindex -> telephony.tmp/.targetinfo
│   └── telephony.tmp
├── feeds.conf.default
├── include--存放mk文件。
│   ├── autotools.mk
...
│   └── version.mk
├── key-build
├── key-build.pub
├── key-build.ucert
├── key-build.ucert.revoke
├── LICENSES
│   ├── BSD-2-Clause
│   ├── BSD-3-Clause
│   ├── GPL-1.0
│   ├── GPL-2.0
│   ├── ISC
│   ├── Linux-syscall-note
│   └── MIT
├── Makefile--make默认的配置文件。
├── package--不同类别package的makefile文件和menuconfig配置文件。
│   ├── base-files
│   ├── boot
│   ├── devel
│   ├── feeds
│   ├── firmware
│   ├── kernel
│   ├── libs
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── network
│   ├── system
│   └── utils
├── README.md
├── rules.mk
├── scripts--编译过程中使用的脚本文件。
│   ├── arm-magic.sh
...
│   └── xxdi.pl
├── staging_dir--生成最终文件系统之前的临时安装目录。
│   ├── host
│   ├── hostpkg
│   ├── packages
│   ├── target-aarch64_cortex-a53_musl
│   └── toolchain-aarch64_cortex-a53_gcc-11.2.0_musl
├── target--imagebuilder、linux、sdk、toolchain的makefile和配置文件。
│   ├── Config.in
│   ├── imagebuilder
│   ├── linux
│   ├── llvm-bpf
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── sdk
│   └── toolchain
├── tmp
│   ├── a.out
│   ├── info
│   ├── opkg_install_list
│   └── test.fs
├── toolchain--编译gcc/binutils/gdb/glibc/mold/must/nasm等工具的makefile文件和配置文件。
│   ├── binutils
│   ├── build_version
│   ├── Config.in
│   ├── fortify-headers
│   ├── gcc
│   ├── gdb
│   ├── glibc
│   ├── info.mk
│   ├── kernel-headers
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── musl
│   ├── nasm
│   └── wrapper
└── tools--编译过程中所使用到的工具。
    ├── autoconf
...
    └── zstd


2 OpenWRT feeds管理

feeds是一系列package的存放点。scripts/feeds脚本用于管理feeds。feeds.conf.default用于配置feeds。更多参考：参考：[OpenWrt Wiki] OpenWrt Feeds。

2.1 feeds管理

./scripts/feeds用于管理OpenWRT的feeds：

[url=] [/url]
Usage: ./scripts/feeds <command> [options]Commands:    list [options]: List feeds, their content and revisions (if installed)    Options:        -n :            List of feed names.        -s :            List of feed names and their URL.        -r <feedname>:  List packages of specified feed.        -d <delimiter>: Use specified delimiter to distinguish rows (default: spaces)        -f :            List feeds in feeds.conf compatible format (when using -s).    install [options] <package>: Install a package    Options:        -a :           Install all packages from all feeds or from the specified feed using the -p option.        -p <feedname>: Prefer this feed when installing packages.        -d <y|m|n>:    Set default for newly installed packages.        -f :           Install will be forced even if the package exists in core OpenWrt (override)    search [options] <substring>: Search for a package    Options:        -r <feedname>: Only search in this feed    uninstall -a|<package>: Uninstall a package    Options:        -a :           Uninstalls all packages.    update -a|<feedname(s)>: Update packages and lists of feeds in feeds.conf .    Options:        -a :           Update all feeds listed within feeds.conf. Otherwise the specified feeds will be updated.        -i :           Recreate the index only. No feed update from repository is performed.        -f :           Force updating feeds even if there are changed, uncommitted files.    clean:             Remove downloaded/generated files.[url=] [/url]

• update：根据feeds.conf获取package，并拷贝到feeds目录下。
• list：显示feeds，或其package列表详细信息。
• install：将update命令从feeds获取packages链接到package/feeds/中。
• uninstall：移除某个package。
• search：查找特定package信息。
  

2.2 新增feeds

修改feeds.conf.default文件，新增feeds配置：

[td]

Method	Function
src-bzr	Data is downloaded from the source path/URL using bzr
src-cpy	Data is copied from the source path. The path can be specified as either relative to OpenWrt repository root or absolute.
src-darcs	Data is downloaded from the source path/URL using darcs
src-git	Data is downloaded from the source path/URL using git as a shallow (depth of 1) clone
src-git-full	Data is downloaded from the source path/URL using git as a full clone
src-gitsvn	Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git
src-hg	Data is downloaded from the source path/URL using hg
src-link	A symlink to the source path is created. The path must be absolute.
src-svn	Data is downloaded from the source path/URL using svn

以git为例：

src-git local_feed_name https://example.com/repo_name/something.git;branch_namesrc-git local_feed_name https://example.com/repo_name/something.git^commit_hash
3 OpenWRT编译流程3.1 整体编译

在对OpenWRT的feeds进行配置后，可以进行配置和编译。

配置toolchain、kernel、packages：

make menuconfig

make即可开始编译：

• 下载选中的package源码。
• 编译交叉编译工具链和host应用。
• 交叉编译kernel和选中的packages。
  

make V=x指定输出的不同编译log等级：

[url=] [/url]
    V=99 and V=1 are now deprecated in favor of a new verbosity class system,    though the old flags are still supported.    You can set the V variable on the command line (or OPENWRT_VERBOSE in the    environment) to one or more of the following characters:        - s: stdout+stderr (equal to the old V=99)    - c: commands (for build systems that suppress commands by default, e.g. kbuild, cmake)    - w: warnings/errors only (equal to the old V=1)[url=] [/url]

其他常见编译操作：

• 运行make menuconfig选定目标映像;
• 运行make defconfig为构建环境和设备设定默认配置;
• 运行make kernel_menuconfig(可选);
• 运行make menuconfig配置软件包;
• 运行make download(在最终构建前下载所有依赖, 并激活多线程编译);
• 运行scripts/diffconfig.sh >mydiffconfig(将所有修改保存到mydiffconfig文件);
  

3.2 package编译

单独编译某一个模块：

make package/example/download - download the soures of examplemake package/example/prepare - extract the sources, apply patches and download if necessarymake package/example/compile - compile example, prepare and download if necessarymake package/example/clean - clean the sourcecodemake package/index - build a repository index to make the output directory usable as local opkg source

对一个package执行多个编译选项，注意clean和compile之间不能有空格：

make package/example/{clean,compile} V=99

编译中间过程位于build_dir中，按照不同的package分列，里面包含源代码、编译脚本、编译中间文件以及输出可执行或者库文件等：

[url=] [/url]
build_dir/target-aarch64_cortex-a53_musl/├── busybox-default...├── root-armvirt--即将要打包的rootfs文件集合。├── root.orig-armvirt...└── zlib-1.2.11[url=] [/url]

staging_dir是一个临时集合，后面可能还会有strip等操作：

[url=] [/url]
staging_dir/target-aarch64_cortex-a53_musl/├── host├── packages├── pkginfo├── root-armvirt├── stamp└── usr[url=] [/url]

bin中存放最终镜像和安装包：

[url=] [/url]
bin/targets/└── armvirt    └── 64        ├── config.buildinfo        ├── feeds.buildinfo        ├── openwrt-armvirt-64-default.manifest        ├── openwrt-armvirt-64-default-rootfs.tar.gz        ├── openwrt-armvirt-64-Image        ├── openwrt-armvirt-64-Image-initramfs        ├── openwrt-armvirt-64-rootfs.cpio.gz        ├── openwrt-armvirt-64-rootfs-ext4.img.gz        ├── openwrt-armvirt-64-rootfs-squashfs.img.gz        ├── packages        │   ├── base-files_1505-r20341-591b7e93d3_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk        │   ├── dropbear_2022.82-4_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk        │   ├── fstools_2022-06-02-93369be0-2_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk        │   ├── fwtool_2019-11-12-8f7fe925-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk        │   ├── index.json        │   ├── kernel_5.10.221-1-95f66e1daaaff0091d354d5d867e8a64_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk...        │   ├── mtd_26_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk        │   ├── Packages        │   ├── Packages.gz        │   ├── Packages.manifest        │   └── Packages.sig        ├── sha256sums        └── version.buildinfo[url=] [/url]

4 OpenWRT新增package和feeds

参考：《[OpenWrt Wiki] Creating a simple “Hello, world!” application》、《[OpenWrt Wiki] Creating a package from your application》、《[OpenWrt Wiki] Including your package feed into OpenWrt build system》、《[OpenWrt Wiki] Building, deploying and testing your application》。

4.1 创建package内容

编写测试程序hello world.c：

[url=] [/url]
#include <stdio.h>int main(void){    printf("\nHello, world!\n\n");    return 0;}[url=] [/url]

编写Makefile文件：

[url=] [/url]
include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk# Name, version and release number# The name and version of your package are used to define the variable to point to the build directory of your package: $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)PKG_NAME:=helloworldPKG_VERSION:=1.0PKG_RELEASE:=1# Source settings (i.e. where to find the source codes)# This is a custom variable, used belowSOURCE_DIR:=/home/al/openwrt/openwrt/mypackages/examples/helloworldinclude $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk# Package definition; instructs on how and where our package will appear in the overall configuration menu ('make menuconfig')define Package/helloworld  SECTION:=examples  CATEGORY:=Examples  TITLE:=Hello, World!endef# Package description; a more verbose description on what our package doesdefine Package/helloworld/description  A simple "Hello, world!" -application.endef# Package preparation instructions; create the build directory and copy the source code. # The last command is necessary to ensure our preparation instructions remain compatible with the patching system.define Build/Prepare        mkdir -p $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)        cp $(SOURCE_DIR)/* $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)        $(Build/Patch)endef# Package build instructions; invoke the target-specific compiler to first compile the source file, and then to link the file into the final executabledefine Build/Compile        $(TARGET_CC) $(TARGET_CFLAGS) -o $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/helloworld.o -c $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/helloworld.c        $(TARGET_CC) $(TARGET_LDFLAGS) -o $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/$1 $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/helloworld.oendef# Package install instructions; create a directory inside the package to hold our executable, and then copy the executable we built previously into the folderdefine Package/helloworld/install        $(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/usr/bin        $(INSTALL_BIN) $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/helloworld $(1)/usr/binendef# This command is always the last, it uses the definitions and variables we give above in order to get the job done$(eval $(call BuildPackage,helloworld))[url=] [/url]

4.2 创建feeds并安装

为helloworld package创建feeds目录，并将hello world.c和Makefile放入其中：

mypackages/└── examples    └── helloworld        ├── helloworld.c        └── Makefile

修改feeds.conf.default文件：

src-git-full packages https://git.openwrt.org/feed/packages.git;openwrt-22.03src-git-full luci https://git.openwrt.org/project/luci.git;openwrt-22.03src-git-full routing https://git.openwrt.org/feed/routing.git;openwrt-22.03src-git-full telephony https://git.openwrt.org/feed/telephony.git;openwrt-22.03src-link mypackages /home/al/openwrt/openwrt/mypackages

单独更新mypackages feed：

./scripts/feeds update mypackage

在feeds下创建mypackages feed相关信息：

[url=] [/url]
feeds├── mypackages -> /home/al/openwrt/openwrt/mypackages├── mypackages.index -> mypackages.tmp/.packageinfo├── mypackages.targetindex -> mypackages.tmp/.targetinfo├── mypackages.tmp│   ├── info│   └── location[url=] [/url]

将mypackages feed的package安装到OpenWRT系统中：

./scripts/feeds install -a -p mypackages

安装结果如下：

package/feeds/mypackages/└── helloworld -> ../../../feeds/mypackages/examples/helloworld
4.3 配置并编译package

make menuconfig选择helloworld，并保存配置：

编译helloworld：

make package/feeds/mypackages/helloworld/compile

在./build_dir/target-aarch64_cortex-a53_musl/helloworld-1.0目录存放编译过程文件：

[url=] [/url]
./build_dir/target-aarch64_cortex-a53_musl/helloworld-1.0├── helloworld├── helloworld.c├── helloworld.o├── ipkg-aarch64_cortex-a53│   └── helloworld│       ├── CONTROL│       │   ├── control│       │   ├── postinst│       │   └── prerm│       └── usr│           └── bin│               └── helloworld└── Makefile[url=] [/url]

生成ipkg安装包位于./bin/packages/aarch64_cortex-a53/mypackages/：

./bin/packages/aarch64_cortex-a53/mypackages/└── helloworld_1.0-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk

根据Makefile配置helloworld也被安装到staging_dir下：./staging_dir/target-aarch64_cortex-a53_musl/root-armvirt/usr/bin/helloworld。

此时如果执行make，则helloworld可执行文件已经位于镜像中，烧录启动即可使用。

4.4 安装卸载package

通过scp将ipk传到target：

scp bin/packages/aarch64_cortex-a53/mypackages/helloworld_1.0-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk root@192.168.2.2:/

安装ipk：

opkg install helloworld_1.0-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk

执行helloworld：

Hello, world!

卸载helloworld：

opkg remove helloworld

opkg显示已安装列表：

opkg list