STM32H5测评 | 开箱硬件测评分析与GPIO和PWM测试

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STM32H5测评 | 开箱硬件测评分析与GPIO和PWM测试

来源：EEWORLD论坛网友 bigbat 版权归原作者所有

开箱硬件测评分析随着物联网的不断推进，网络通讯安全级别也在不断提高，普通的MCU在应对加解密和安全验证等应用时就有点力不从心，MCU的主要应用是小型的嵌入式设备，但安全应用又需要硬件具备一定性能，安全算法除了占用一定的MCU性能外还需要大量的代码和RAM空间，因而市场出现了很多“组合设计”，最常见的就是“MCU+高性能通讯模块”，在应用环境恶劣的场景下面临挑战，如在北方冬季无人值守的站点，因气温很低，会给通讯模块带来很多问题。基于arm Cortex-M33内核的高性能MCU — STM32H5，针对安全性和通讯性能增加了很多的性能。STM32H5系列提供了较大RAM（640K）和Flash（2M+），提供 4K Backup RAM 用来存储待机数据，主频更是提高到了250MHz。在安全方面，STM32H5 也是提供了M33内核的全部安全特性，TrustZone、内存保护、加密存储等特性。
NUCLEO-H563ZI 是主核为STM32H563ZI、144PIN脚的DEMO板。该板接口由原来的USB接口更新为 Type-C 接口，有以下外设：1、一个 RJ45 以太网口、PHY 使用的是 LAN8742，一个网络变压器；2、一个 VDD 触发按键作为输入，按键接了一个ESD ALC6V1的保护；3、一个LPUSART 接口，链接到板载的虚拟串口，与ST-LINK V3共用一个USB；4、一个全速 USB TYPE-C 接口，提供芯片的USB功能，及硬件保护和电源管理；5、LED和REST按键等外设。从板卡设计中可以看出ST公司加入了大量的接口保护设计参考。因板卡新的硬件特性，需要升级软件环境，STM32CubeMX需要升级到 v6.9 版，Java jre升级到17版；Keil 升级到 v6.0以上版本，同时下载STM32H5的包，ST-link V3的驱动也需要升级。点灯程序： NYUCLEO-H563ZI开发板的硬件引脚基本已经配置好了，只需配置没有扩展的引脚。程序点亮的是LED2。程序不是很复杂，代码很简单，但是M33内核需要的设置却很多。

/* Infinite loop */

/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */

while (1)

{

/* USER CODE END WHILE */

HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED2_YELLOW_GPIO_Port, LED2_YELLOW_Pin);

HAL_Delay(500);

/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */

}

GPIO和PWM测试为了呈现 STM32H563ZI 接近MPU的性能，本次测试使用freeRTOS系统进行PWM和GPIO的测试。首先，需要安装STM32Cube的STM32H5的freeRTOS系统模块，新建项目时选择“ACCESS TO EXAMPLE SELECTOR”项目，选择开发板NUCLEO-H563ZI，选择FreeRTOS_Semaphore_LowPower项目。项目默认打开了PWR管理，还有三个LED外设。我们的评测是使用一个低功耗定时器 LPTIM4 作为信号源来控制 GPIO 的输出。

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */

/**

  ******************************************************************************

  * File Name          : app_freertos.c

  * Description        : Code for freertos applications

  ******************************************************************************

  * @attention *

  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.

  * All rights reserved.

  *

  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file

  * in the root directory of this software component.

  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.

  *

  ******************************************************************************

  */

/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "FreeRTOS.h"

#include "task.h"

#include "main.h"

#include "cmsis_os2.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

#define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT (1000)

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN Variables */

extern LPTIM_HandleTypeDef hlptim4;

/* USER CODE END Variables */

/* Definitions for MainThread */

osThreadId_t MainThreadHandle;

const osThreadAttr_t MainThread_attributes = {

  .name = "MainThread",

  .priority = (osPriority_t) osPriorityNormal,

  .stack_size = 256 * 4

};

/* Definitions for BinarySemaphore */

osSemaphoreId_t BinarySemaphoreHandle;

const osSemaphoreAttr_t BinarySemaphore_attributes = {

  .name = "BinarySemaphore"

};

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN FunctionPrototypes */

void SystemClock_Config(void);

/* USER CODE END FunctionPrototypes */

void MainThread_Entry(void *argument);

void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void); /* (MISRA C 2004 rule 8.1) */

/* USER CODE BEGIN PREPOSTSLEEP */

void PreSleepProcessing(uint32_t ulExpectedIdleTime)

{

  /* This is needed to prevent TIM6 from triggering an interrupt,

   * which could prevent the CPU from entering STOP mode */

  HAL_SuspendTick();

  /* Start low power timer */

  HAL_LPTIM_TimeOut_Start_IT(&hlptim4, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);

  /* Enter STOP mode */

  HAL_PWR_EnterSTOPMode(PWR_LOWPOWERREGULATOR_ON, PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);

}

void PostSleepProcessing(uint32_t ulExpectedIdleTime)

{

  /* Restore Clock settings */

  SystemClock_Config();

  /* Resume HAL timebase */

  HAL_ResumeTick();

}

/* USER CODE END PREPOSTSLEEP */

/**

  * @brief FreeRTOS initialization

  * @param  None

  * @retval None

  */

void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void) {

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_MUTEX */

  /* add mutexes, ... */

  /* USER CODE END RTOS_MUTEX */

  /* creation of BinarySemaphore */

  BinarySemaphoreHandle = osSemaphoreNew(1, 1, &BinarySemaphore_attributes);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_SEMAPHORES */

  /* add semaphores, ... */

  /* USER CODE END RTOS_SEMAPHORES */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_TIMERS */

  /* start timers, add new ones, ... */

  /* USER CODE END RTOS_TIMERS */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_QUEUES */

  /* add queues, ... */

  /* USER CODE END RTOS_QUEUES */

  /* creation of MainThread */

  MainThreadHandle = osThreadNew(MainThread_Entry, NULL, &MainThread_attributes);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_THREADS */

  /* add threads, ... */

  /* USER CODE END RTOS_THREADS */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_EVENTS */

  /* add events, ... */

  /* USER CODE END RTOS_EVENTS */

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header_MainThread_Entry */

/**

* @brief Function implementing the MainThread thread.

* @param argument: Not used

* @retval None

*/

/* USER CODE END Header_MainThread_Entry */

void MainThread_Entry(void *argument)

{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN MainThread */

  /* Infinite loop */

  for(;;osSemaphoreAcquire(BinarySemaphoreHandle, osWaitForever))

  {

    HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED1_GREEN_GPIO_Port, LED1_GREEN_Pin);

  }

  /* USER CODE END MainThread */

}

/* Private application code --------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN Application */

void HAL_LPTIM_CompareMatchCallback(LPTIM_HandleTypeDef *hlptim)

{

  if(hlptim->Instance == LPTIM4)

  {

    osSemaphoreRelease(BinarySemaphoreHandle);

    HAL_LPTIM_TimeOut_Stop_IT(&hlptim4);

  }

}

/* USER CODE END Application */

程序中首先声明了一个信号量 BinarySemaphoreHandle，作为 GPIO 的控制开关，然后在中断回调 HAL_LPTIM_CompareMatchCallback 中生成这个信号量。

//信号量

osSemaphoreId_t BinarySemaphoreHandle;

//回调函数/* Private application code --------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN Application */void HAL_LPTIM_CompareMatchCallback(LPTIM_HandleTypeDef *hlptim)

{

  if(hlptim->Instance == LPTIM4)

  {

    osSemaphoreRelease(BinarySemaphoreHandle);

    HAL_LPTIM_TimeOut_Stop_IT(&hlptim4);

  }

}

信号生成后，等待系统自己调度，这时需要将LPTIM4中断关掉。HAL_LPTIM_TimeOut_Stop_IT(&hlptim4);

/* USER CODE END Header_MainThread_Entry */void MainThread_Entry(void *argument)

{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN MainThread */

  /* Infinite loop */

  for(;;osSemaphoreAcquire(BinarySemaphoreHandle, osWaitForever))

  {

    HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED2_YELLOW_GPIO_Port, LED2_YELLOW_Pin);

  }

  /* USER CODE END MainThread */

}

信号到达后翻转GPIO输出，系统运行后LED2，进入不停的闪烁。这里我把LED1改成了LED2，PWM的测试选择了 FreeRTOS_Mutex 例程，主要是因为 PWM 的输出需要更加严格的同步和控制。低功耗模式不适合该应用。PWM的输出设置需要理清程序的同步逻辑。程序首先定义了两个线程Thread1和Thread2，一个Mutex锁信号MutexHandle，通过这个信号进行 UART 资源的保护运行。

osThreadId_t Thread1Handle;

const osThreadAttr_t Thread1_attributes = {

  .name = "Thread1",

  .priority = (osPriority_t) osPriorityNormal,

  .stack_size = 256 * 4

};

/* Definitions for Thread2 */

osThreadId_t Thread2Handle;

const osThreadAttr_t Thread2_attributes = {

  .name = "Thread2",

  .priority = (osPriority_t) osPriorityNormal,

  .stack_size = 256 * 4

};

/* Definitions for Mutex */

osMutexId_t MutexHandle;

const osMutexAttr_t Mutex_attributes = {

  .name = "Mutex"

};

首先两个线程在运行前半段使用信号锁进行共用资源 uart 的运行，后面进行运行。

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header_Thread1_Entry */

/**

* @brief Function implementing the Thread1 thread.

* @param argument: Not used

* @retval None

*/

/* USER CODE END Header_Thread1_Entry */

void Thread1_Entry(void *argument)

{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Thread1 */

  uint16_t i;

  /* Infinite loop */

  for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i)

  {

  #if EXAMPLE_USES_MUTEX

  osMutexAcquire(MutexHandle, osWaitForever);

  printf ("Thread1: Mutex Acquired!\n");

  #endif

  printf("Thread1 : This is message number %u\n", i+1);

#if EXAMPLE_USES_MUTEX

  printf ("Thread1: Mutex Released!\n");

  osMutexRelease(MutexHandle);

  #endif

    HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED1_GREEN_GPIO_Port, LED1_GREEN_Pin);

    osDelay(200);

  }

  while(1)

  {

    HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED1_GREEN_GPIO_Port, LED1_GREEN_Pin);

    osDelay(1000);

  }

  /* USER CODE END Thread1 */

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header_Thread2_Entry */

/**

* @brief Function implementing the Thread2 thread.

* @param argument: Not used

* @retval None

*/

/* USER CODE END Header_Thread2_Entry */

void Thread2_Entry(void *argument)

{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Thread2 */

  uint16_t i;

  /* Infinite loop */

  for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i)

  {

  #if EXAMPLE_USES_MUTEX

    osMutexAcquire(MutexHandle, osWaitForever);

    printf ("Thread2: Mutex Acquired!\n");

    #endif

    printf("Thread2 : This is message number %u\n", i+1);

#if EXAMPLE_USES_MUTEX

    printf ("Thread2: Mutex Released!\n");

    osMutexRelease(MutexHandle);

    #endif

    HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED2_YELLOW_GPIO_Port, LED2_YELLOW_Pin);

    osDelay(200);

  }

  while(1)

  {

    HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED2_YELLOW_GPIO_Port, LED2_YELLOW_Pin);

    osDelay(1000);

  }

    /* USER CODE END Thread2 */

}

/* Private application code --------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN Application */

/* USER CODE END Application */

进程先获取信号锁，在进行打印输出，输出完成后再解锁，这样可以保证三段打印都是同一个线程的输出。可以看出每次的输出都是一个线程的信息。下面进行PWM的改造测试PWM的设置如图，使用LED1作为PWM的输出，所以设置PB0作为TIM3的CH3通道，PWM输出，脉宽比为50%，所以计数为2048，PLUSE VALUE=1024。设置好以后将程序进行改造，另起一个项目通过CUBE生成初始化代码，然后改造项目。

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header_Thread1_Entry */

/**

* @brief Function implementing the Thread1 thread.

* @param argument: Not used

* @retval None

*/

/* USER CODE END Header_Thread1_Entry */

void Thread1_Entry(void *argument)

{

  osMutexAcquire(MutexHandle, osWaitForever);

  printf ("Thread1: Mutex Acquired!\n");

  printf("Thread1 : PWM starter\n ");

  printf ("Thread1: Mutex Released!\n");

  osMutexRelease(MutexHandle);

   HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_3);

  while(1)

  {

    osDelay(1);

  }

  /* USER CODE END Thread1 */

}

项目启动后。可以看到LED1开始开始工作。