| 本帖最后由 sunsili 于 2023-8-4 16:23 编辑 
 Linux网络编程——UDP组播编程
 
 
 
 一,基础概念 数据报文在网络中的点对点传输方式通常有以下三种: 单播(Unicast): 数据报文从一个发送端到一个接收端的通信方式。 组播(Multicast): 数据报文从一个发送端到多个接收端的通信方式。 广播(broadcast): 数据报文从一个发送端到所有接收端的通信方式。 组播的实现需要设置组播地址 在IPv4中组播的地址范围是:224.0.0.0到239.255.255.255。 
 二,组播的具体实现过程 发送端: step.01:新建一个socket套接字1用于往组播发送数据报文。 step.02:在sockaddr_in结构体中初始化组播的端口号。 step.03:设置IP_MULTICAST_LOOP等组播选项。 step.04:使用IP_MULTICAST_IF选项来定义组播接口。 step.05:调用sendto()接口往组播中发送数据报文。 
 接收端: step.01:新建一个socket套接字2用于从组播接收数据报文。 step.02:设置SO_REUSEADDR选项以允许多个接收端去接收同一端口的数据报文。 step.03:调用bind()接口让套接字2绑定到组播指定的端口号。 step.04:使用IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP选项,加入指定的组播。 step.05:调用read()接口从组播中接收数据报文。 
 三,组播属性设置 使用类型为SOCK_DGRAM的套接字,基于UDP协议来实现组播传输过程。 使用setsockopt()接口来设置与组播相关的属性。 setsockopt接口规范: #include <sys/socket.h> int setsockopt(int socket,
 int level,
 int option_name,
 const void *option_value,
 socklen_t option_len);
 
 #返回值:成功后返回0,否则返回-1并设置对应的错误码
 
 setsockopt()接口可以为组播设置以下属性:IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP:加入指定的组播。 IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP:退出指定的组播。
 IP_MULTICAST_IF:设置组播中发送数据报文的接口。
 IP_MULTICAST_TTL:设置组播中数据报文的生存时间(TTL)。
 IP_MULTICAST_LOOP:设置组播中数据报文的副本是否回传。
 四,完整代码实现 Demo1——C++代码实现发送端:#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 struct in_addr localInterface;
 struct sockaddr_in groupSock;
 int sd;
 char databuf[1024] = "Multicast Data MSG!";
 int datalen = sizeof(databuf);
 
 int main (int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 /*
 * Create a datagram socket on which to send.
 */
 sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 if (sd < 0) {
 perror("opening datagram socket");
 exit(1);
 }
 
 /*
 * Initialize the group sockaddr structure with a
 * group address of 225.1.1.1 and port 5555.
 */
 memset((char *) &groupSock, 0, sizeof(groupSock));
 groupSock.sin_family = AF_INET;
 groupSock.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("225.1.1.1");
 groupSock.sin_port = htons(5555);
 
 /*
 * Disable loopback so you do not receive your own datagrams.
 */
 {
 char loopch=0;
 
 
 if (setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
 (char *)&loopch, sizeof(loopch)) < 0) {
 perror("setting IP_MULTICAST_LOOP:");
 close(sd);
 exit(1);
 }
 }
 
 /*
 * Set local interface for outbound multicast datagrams.
 */
 localInterface.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
 if (setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
 (char *)&localInterface,
 sizeof(localInterface)) < 0) {
 perror("setting local interface");
 exit(1);
 }
 
 /*
 * Send a message to the multicast group specified by the
 * groupSock sockaddr structure.
 */
 if (sendto(sd, databuf, datalen, 0,
 (struct sockaddr*)&groupSock,
 sizeof(groupSock)) < 0)
 {
 perror("sending datagram message");
 }
 else
 {
 printf("sending datagram message ok! \n");
 printf("The message send to multicast server is: \"%s\"\n", databuf);
 }
 }
 接收端:#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 struct sockaddr_in localSock;
 struct ip_mreq group;
 int sd;
 char databuf[1024];
 int datalen = sizeof(databuf);
 
 int main (int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 /*
 * Create a datagram socket on which to receive.
 */
 sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 if (sd < 0) {
 perror("opening datagram socket");
 exit(1);
 }
 
 /*
 * Enable SO_REUSEADDR to allow multiple instances of this
 * application to receive copies of the multicast datagrams.
 */
 {
 int reuse=1;
 if (setsockopt(sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
 (char *)&reuse, sizeof(reuse)) < 0) {
 perror("setting SO_REUSEADDR");
 close(sd);
 exit(1);
 }
 }
 
 /*
 * Bind to the proper port number with the IP address
 * specified as INADDR_ANY.
 */
 memset((char *) &localSock, 0, sizeof(localSock));
 localSock.sin_family = AF_INET;
 localSock.sin_port = htons(5555);;
 localSock.sin_addr.s_addr  = INADDR_ANY;
 
 if (bind(sd, (struct sockaddr*)&localSock, sizeof(localSock))) {
 perror("binding datagram socket");
 close(sd);
 exit(1);
 }
 
 /*
 * Join the multicast group 225.1.1.1 on the local 9.5.1.1
 */
 group.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = inet_addr("225.1.1.1");
 group.imr_interface.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
 if (setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
 (char *)&group, sizeof(group)) < 0) {
 perror("adding multicast group");
 close(sd);
 exit(1);
 }
 
 /*
 * Read from the socket.
 */
 datalen = sizeof(databuf);
 if (read(sd, databuf, datalen) < 0) {
 perror("reading datagram message");
 close(sd);
 exit(1);
 }
 else
 {
 printf("get datagram message ok! \n");
 printf("The message from multicast server is: \"%s\"\n", databuf);
 }
 }
 运行结果:发送端:sending datagram message ok!
 The message send to multicast server is: "Multicast Data MSG!"
 接收端:get datagram message ok!
 The message from multicast server is: "Multicast Data MSG!"
 Demo2——Python代码实现发送端:import socket
 from time import sleep, time
 
 MCAST_GRP = '224.1.1.1'
 MCAST_PORT = 5007
 
 sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
 sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, 2)
 
 while True:
 print "Multicast to group: %s\n" % MCAST_GRP
 data = 'Hello World: ' + repr(time()) + '\n'
 sock.sendto(data, (MCAST_GRP, MCAST_PORT))
 sleep(1)
 
 接收端:import socket import struct
 
 MCAST_GRP = '224.1.1.1'
 MCAST_PORT = 5007
 
 sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP)
 sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
 sock.bind(('', MCAST_PORT))
 mreq = struct.pack("4sl", socket.inet_aton(MCAST_GRP), socket.INADDR_ANY)
 
 sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq)
 
 while True:
 print sock.recv(10240)
 运行结果:发送端:Multicast to group: 224.1.1.1
 
 Multicast to group: 224.1.1.1
 
 Multicast to group: 224.1.1.1
 
 Multicast to group: 224.1.1.1
 接收端:Hello World: 1690308503.613114
 
 Hello World: 1690308503.613114
 
 Hello World: 1690308504.615013
 
 Hello World: 1690308504.615013
 
 五,参考阅读 https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/i/7.1?topic=designs-examples-using-multicasting-af-inet https://os.mbed.com/handbook/Socket https://subingwen.cn/linux/multicast/index.html |