灵动微课堂 (第251讲)｜为MindSDK搭建armgcc编译环境（Windows版）
灵动微课堂 (第251讲)｜为MindSDK搭建armgcc编译环境（Windows版）引言Keil或者IAR为嵌入式开发者提供了非常方便的可视化开发环境，但Keil或者IAR是商业软件，需要购买并注册License才能正常使用（Arm提供的社区版License可以供用户免费使用1年）。另外，仍有用户希望使用命令行的方式编译微控制器工程，这些用户可能来自于Linux用户，也可能是某些定制工具开发包的用户，或者搭建自动化持续集成平台的系统维护工程师。此时，搭建开源的 armgcc 工具集，也是微控制器开发者常用的编译工具解决方案。命令行方式使用的工具，在Linux操作系统中较为常用，但在Windows操作系统中，可以基于 MSYS2 作为模拟命令行工作环境的虚拟终端，配合 armgcc 工具集，搭建微控制器开发环境。本文讲述基于Windows操作系统，搭建 armgcc 编译环境，并支持编译MindSDK样例工程。
安装 MSYS2 环境MSYS2 是一系列软件工具和软件库，可用于在Windows操作系统上模拟类似于Linux操作系统的命令行运行环境，并且可以使用部分Linux操作系统的部分命令，用以方便地构建、安装和运行本地的应用程序。在 MSYS2 的官网（http://www.msys2.org/）上，可下载当前最新的安装包。如图1所示。图1 在MSYS2官网下载MSYS2安装包如图1所示，下载 msys-x86_64-20220904.exe 安装文件后，即可启动安装过程。安装完成后，启动 MSYS2 程序，可以看到MSYS2的命令行交互终端界面，如图2所示。图2 运行MSYS的终端界面安装完之后，可在 MSYS2 环境的终端下，试用Linux下的文件夹查看命令 ls 和显示工作目录命令 pwd，确认 MSYS2 环境可以正常工作。MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ ls
MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ pwd
/home/MindMotion
在 MSYS2 环境中安装工具这里使用 make 作为基本的构建系统工具，但为了便于用户编写构建工程文件 makefile ，选用 cmake 作为创建 makefile 文件的工具。MSYS2 环境中的的包管理器已经提供了可用的 make 和 cmake 工具，可用于安装。在 MSYS2 环境中安装 make 工具使用 pacman -Ss 命令，在 MSYS2 中查找可用的 make 工具的安装包：MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ pacman -Ss make
...
msys/make 4.3-3 (base-devel)
GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
...
使用 pacman -S 命令，在 MSYS2 环境中安装 make 工具：MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ pacman -S msys/make
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...
Packages (1) make-4.3-3
Total Download Size: 0.46 MiB
Total Installed Size:1.48 MiB
:: Proceed with installation? Y
:: Retrieving packages...
make-4.3-3-x86_64 466.2 KiB 538 KiB/s 00:01 [###############################] 100%
(1/1) checking keys in keyring [###############################] 100%
(1/1) checking package integrity [###############################] 100%
(1/1) loading package files [###############################] 100%
(1/1) checking for file conflicts [###############################] 100%
(1/1) checking available disk space [###############################] 100%
:: Processing package changes...
(1/1) installing make [###############################] 100%
:: Running post-transaction hooks...
(1/1) Updating the info directory file...
运行命令查看版本号，可以确认 make 工具已经安装完成，可以正常使用。MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ make --version
GNU Make 4.3
Built for x86_64-pc-msys
Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
在 MSYS2 中安装 CMake 工具使用 pacman -Ss 命令，在 MSYS2 环境中查找 cmake 工具的安装包。MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ pacman -Ss cmake
...
msys/cmake 3.21.0-1
A cross-platform open-source make system
...
使用 pacman -S 命令，在 MSYS2 环境中安装 cmake 工具MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ pacman -S msys/cmake
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...
Packages (6) jsoncpp-1.9.5-1libarchive-3.6.1-2librhash-1.4.2-1libuv-1.42.0-1pkgconf-1.8.0-1
cmake-3.23.2-1
Total Download Size: 7.80 MiB
Total Installed Size:41.22 MiB
:: Proceed with installation? Y
:: Retrieving packages...
jsoncpp-1.9.5-1-any 101.2 KiB 116 KiB/s 00:01 [###############################] 100%
libuv-1.42.0-1-x86_64 113.1 KiB79.1 KiB/s 00:01 [###############################] 100%
pkgconf-1.8.0-1-x86_64 58.4 KiB83.0 KiB/s 00:01 [###############################] 100%
librhash-1.4.2-1-x86_64 116.5 KiB47.8 KiB/s 00:02 [###############################] 100%
libarchive-3.6.1-2-x86_64 1138.4 KiB 353 KiB/s 00:03 [###############################] 100%
cmake-3.23.2-1-x86_64 6.3 MiB1738 KiB/s 00:04 [###############################] 100%
Total (6/6) 7.8 MiB1965 KiB/s 00:04 [###############################] 100%
(6/6) checking keys in keyring [###############################] 100%
(6/6) checking package integrity [###############################] 100%
(6/6) loading package files [###############################] 100%
(6/6) checking for file conflicts [###############################] 100%
(6/6) checking available disk space [###############################] 100%
:: Processing package changes...
(1/6) installing jsoncpp [###############################] 100%
JsonCpp headers and build libraries are now in jsoncpp-devel.
(2/6) installing libarchive [###############################] 100%
(3/6) installing librhash [###############################] 100%
(4/6) installing libuv [###############################] 100%
(5/6) installing pkgconf [###############################] 100%
(6/6) installing cmake [###############################] 100%
尝试查看版本号，可以确认 CMake 工具已经安装完成并可正常使用。MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ cmake --version
cmake version 3.23.2
CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
在 MSYS2 环境中安装 armgcc 工具集MSYS2 的包管理器中也包含了 armgcc 的工具集，可以使用pacman搜索 arm-none-eabi-gcc ，找到对应的软件包。MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ pacman -Ss arm-none-eabi-gcc
mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-arm-none-eabi-gcc 10.1.0-2 (mingw-w64-i686-arm-none-eabi-toolchain)
GNU Tools for ARM Embedded Processors - GCC (mingw-w64)
mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-arm-none-eabi-gcc 10.1.0-2 (mingw-w64-x86_64-arm-none-eabi-toolchain)
GNU Tools for ARM Embedded Processors - GCC (mingw-w64)
图3 在SYS2环境中使用pacman检索 armgcc 工具集但实际上， armgcc 工具集也提供了Windows操作系统下的可执行文件，因此，这里推荐的做法是，直接下载并解压Windows操作系统的 armgcc 工具集的压缩包，然后在 MSYS2 中引用。这个过程展现了另一种在 MSYS2 环境中集成工具软件的方法，但更重要的是，在Windows操作系统中安装的 armgcc 工具集，同时还可以被其它可用的集成开发环境引用，例如VS Code，这样可以避免重复安装同一个软件包，确保在同一台开发主机上编译器行为的一致性。 在Arm的官网（https://developer.arm.com/downloads/-/gnu-rm）上，可下载Windows操作系统版本对应的 armgcc 编译器工具包。如图4所示。图4 在MSYS2官网下载MSYS2安装包如图4所示页面中，下载 gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10-win32.zip 文件，解压至Windows文件系统的目录中，例如 C:\gcc-arm-none-eabi-xxxx 目录。然后，在MSYS2的安装目录下的etc目录下，例如 C:/msys64/etc ，在其中profile文件末尾处添加对gcc-arm-none-eabi工具集的引用路径。另外，可在MSYS2运行环境中创建 `armgcc`_DIR`环境变量，后续编译MindSDK的`armgcc`工程时，将会使用 `armgcc`_DIR`环境变量检索`armgcc`编译工具集的路径。...
echo "###################################################################"
echo "# #"
echo "# #"
echo "# C A U T I O N #"
echo "# #"
echo "# This is first start of MSYS2. #"
echo "# You MUST restart shell to apply necessary actions. #"
echo "# #"
echo "# #"
echo "###################################################################"
echo
echo
fi
unset MAYBE_FIRST_START
export PATH="/c/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10/bin:$PATH"
export `armgcc`_DIR="/c/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10"
保存更改过的文件后，使用 source 命令，激活对 profile 文件的更新，让更新的内容在 MSYS2 环境中生效。MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ source /etc/profile
可查看 PATH 变量的最新值，若添加成功，则可观察到已包含 arm-gcc-none-eabi 的引用路径。MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ echo $PATH
/c/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/opt/bin:/c/Windows/System32:/c/Windows:/c/Windows/System32/Wbem:/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/:/usr/bin/site_perl:/usr/bin/vendor_perl:/usr/bin/core_perl
可试着查看 arm-gcc-none-eabi 工具的版本号，验证 armgcc 可在 MSYS2 中被正常调用。MindMotion@DESKTOP-MCR7G5A MSYS ~
$ arm-none-eabi-gcc --version
arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe (GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 10.3-2021.10) 10.3.1 20210824 (release)
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
至此，基于Windows操作系统，在 MSYS2 环境中安装 armgcc 工具链完成。
编译MindSDK样例工程用户可以在MindSDK的网站上下载适用于 armgcc 工具链创建的工程，即可在 MSYS2 环境中执行编译创建可执行文件。这里以 plus-f5270 开发板上的 hello_world 工程为例。MindMotion@PF2LD92H MSYS /d/_git_repos/mm32-mcu-sdk/boards/plus-f5270/demo_apps/basic/hello_world/build/armgcc
$ ls
CMakeLists.txtarmgcc.cmakebuild.shclean.sh
MindMotion@PF2LD92H MSYS /d/_git_repos/mm32-mcu-sdk/boards/plus-f5270/demo_apps/basic/hello_world/build/armgcc
$ ./build.sh
-- TOOLCHAIN_DIR: /usr/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major
-- BUILD_TYPE: debug
-- TOOLCHAIN_DIR: /usr/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major
-- BUILD_TYPE: debug
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 10.2.1
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 10.2.1
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- The ASM compiler identification is GNU
-- Found assembler: /usr/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /d/_git_repos/mm32-mcu-sdk/boards/plus-f5270/demo_apps/basic/hello_world/build/armgcc
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