OpenWrt的ipk包安装
OpenWrt的ipk包安装在 make menuconfig 进行裁减 OpenWrt 时，为了让系统更精小一点，我们会把部分功能以“模块”的方式编译，即不编入内核，只是在后期用户可以进行安装与卸载。
包安装示例
如下关于Lua的配置项：
其中 json4lua, lua-cjson, lua-copas, lua-coxpcall 是没有编入原生系统的。
在 make 完成之后。
在 bin/ar71xx/packages/ 路径下全是 ipk 安装包。其中上面对应的安装包就在 bin/ar71xx/packages/packages/ 目录下。
#--开发机--$ ls lua*lua-cjson_2.1.0-1_ar71xx.ipk
lua-rs232_1.0.3-1_ar71xx.ipklua-copas_2.0.0-1_ar71xx.ipk
luasocket_3.0-rc1-20130909-3_ar71xx.ipklua-coxpcall_1.15.0-1_ar71xx.ipk
luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipkluaposix_v33.2.1-4_ar71xx.ipk
luasql-sqlite3_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk 怎么安装到 OpenWrt上呢？
首先，用 scp 将 ipk 包发送到 OpenWrt 系统上。本人的 OpenWrt 的 IP 为 192.168.1.2，以 luasql 为例
#--开发机--$ scp luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk root@192.168.1.2:root@192.168.1.2's
password: <输入密码>
luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk 100% 6441 6.3KB/s 00:00
SSH登入 OpenWrt，查看文件。luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk 已在 /root/ 目录下了。
#--OpenWrt---$ opkg install luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk
Installing luasql-mysql (2.3.0-1) to root...
Collected errors: * satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for luasql-mysql: * libmysqlclient ** opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package luasql-mysql. Oops，出师不力（不用惊慌，这也是常常遇到的事儿）～缺 libmysqlclient 库。
那就看看 libmysqlclient 库的 ipk 包有没有。如果 bin/ar71xx/packages 路径下没有，则是 make menuconfig 时没有加进来。这时，修改配置，再make一下就会有了。
在 bin/ar71xx/packages/ 路径下 find 一下。
#--开发机---$ find -name "libmysqlclient*"./packages/libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk 有！那就不用再make一遍了。
同样，用 scp 将 libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk 文件传送到 OpenWrt。
#--开发机---$ scp libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk root@192.168.1.2: 再在 OpenWrt 的 SSH 里安装刚发送过来的 ipk 包。
#--OpenWrt---$ opkg install libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk Installing libmysqlclient (5.1.73-1) to root...Collected errors: * satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for libmysqlclient: * uclibcxx ** opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package libmysqlclient. Oops～Again，libmysqlclient还依赖于uclibcxx库。安装 uclibcxx 库。
#--开发机---$ scp base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-1_ar71xx.ipk root@192.168.1.2: #--OpenWrt---$ opkg install uclibcxx_0.2.4-1_ar71xx.ipk Installing uclibcxx (0.2.4-1) to root...Configuring uclibcxx. uclibcxx库OK了
再来安装 libmysqlclient 库
#--OpenWrt---$ opkg install libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk
Installing libmysqlclient (5.1.73-1) to root...Configuring libmysqlclient. libmysqlclient库OK了。
最后安装 luasql 库
#--OpenWrt---$ opkg install luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk
Installing luasql-mysql (2.3.0-1) to root...Configuring luasql-mysql.
就这样，luasql 库安装完成了。
在 OpenWrt 系统的 /usr/lib/lua/ 目录下多出一个 luasql 目录，在该目录下有一个 mysql.so 文件。
启动 Lua 试试看：
#--OpenWrt---$ luaLua 5.1.5Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio (double int32)> require 'luasql.mysql' 成功。
opkg 的使用 opkg 有点类似地 ubuntu 中的 dpkg 包管理工具。
常见的用法是：安装、卸载软件包。
usage: opkg sub-command
where sub-command is one of:Package Manipulation: update Update list of available packages upgrade <pkgs> Upgrade packages install <pkgs> Install package(s) configure <pkgs> Configure unpacked package(s) remove <pkgs|regexp> Remove package(s) flag <flag> <pkgs> Flag package(s) <flag>=hold|noprune|user|ok|installed|unpacked (one per invocation)Informational Commands: list List available packages list-installed List installed packages list-upgradable List installed and upgradable packages list-changed-conffiles List user modified configuration files files <pkg> List files belonging to <pkg> search <file|regexp> List package providing <file> find <regexp> List packages whose name or description matches <regexp> info Display all info for <pkg> status Display all status for <pkg> download <pkg> Download <pkg> to current directory compare-versions <v1> <op> <v2> compare versions using <= < > >= = << >> print-architecture List installable package architectures depends [-A] + whatdepends [-A] + whatdependsrec [-A] + whatrecommends[-A] + whatsuggests[-A] + whatprovides [-A] + whatconflicts [-A] + whatreplaces [-A] +Options: -A Query all packages not just those installed -V[<level>] Set verbosity level to <level>. --verbosity[=<level>] Verbosity levels: 0 errors only 1 normal messages (default) 2 informative messages 3 debug 4 debug level 2 -f <conf_file> Use <conf_file> as the opkg configuration file --conf <conf_file> --cache <directory> Use a package cache -d <dest_name> Use <dest_name> as the the root directory for --dest <dest_name> package installation, removal, upgrading. <dest_name> should be a defined dest name from the configuration file, (but can also be a directory name in a pinch). -o <dir> Use <dir> as the root directory for --offline-root <dir> offline installation of packages. --add-arch <arch>:<prio> Register architecture with given priority --add-dest <name>:<path> Register destination with given pathForce Options: --force-depends Install/remove despite failed dependencies --force-maintainer Overwrite preexisting config files --force-reinstall Reinstall package(s) --force-overwrite Overwrite files from other package(s) --force-downgrade Allow opkg to downgrade packages --force-space Disable free space checks --force-postinstall Run postinstall scripts even in offline mode --force-remove Remove package even if prerm script fails --force-checksum Don't fail on checksum mismatches --noaction No action -- test only --download-only No action -- download only --nodeps Do not follow dependencies --nocase Perform case insensitive pattern matching --force-removal-of-dependent-packages Remove package and all dependencies --autoremove Remove packages that were installed automatically to satisfy dependencies -t Specify tmp-dir. --tmp-dir Specify tmp-dir. regexp could be something like 'pkgname*' '*file*' or similar e.g. opkg info 'libstd*' or opkg search '*libop*' or opkg remove 'libncur*'
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